Management on NSFC applicationbased on the theory of PDCA cycle / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective To improve the application management efficiency of NSFC and provide reference for the administration of peer hospitals.Methods Using the theory of PDCA cycle manages application work of NSFC and using fishbone diagram to analyses the affecting factors of NSFC management.Countermeasures were developed and implemented based on such analysis.Results The administration work of NSFC is continuingly improved under the guidance of PDCA cycle theory.Conclusions From the long term development of NSFC application management,the method of PDCA cycle theory is an ideal model

Discuss on Clinical Pharmacists’Prescribing Rights in China / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the way to realizing clinical pharmacists’prescribing rights,and to provide reference for the revise of related policies and regulations. METHODS:The clinical pharmacists prescribing rights and its necessity were inter-preted. Referring to pharmacists’prescribing rights in Canadian limited prescription mode,British dispensatory mode,United States consultative prescription mode,clinical pharmacists’prescribing rights in China were expounded. RESULTS & CONCLU-SIONS:It is necessary and feasible to achieve clinical pharmacists’prescribing rights in China. Clinical pharmacists’prescribing rights can be realized and the pharmaceutical role of clinical pharmacists can be played through conducting clinical pharmacist pre-scription training,establishing chronic disease,common disease,mild disease and other disease dispensatory,gradually revising the concept of“prescription”and“prescribing rights”,promoting the legislation of pharmacists and clinical pharmacists’prescrib-ing rights,promoting the realization of the prescription right of clinical pharmacist,prompting clinical pharmacist to play the role of pharmacy.

Tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8 like-2 promotes apoptosis of CD4T lymphocytes in mice with severe burn injury / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8 like-2 (TIPE2) on apoptosis of CD4T lymphocytes in a murine model of severe burn injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 140 male mice were randomly allocated into 6 groups. Small RNA interference technique was used to construct a siTIPE2-overexpressing lentivirus, and severe burn injury models were established in the mice. CD4T cells were purified from spleen of the mice, and the expressions of TIPE2, Smad2/Smad3, P-Smad2/P-Smad3 and Bcl-2/Bimprotein in CD4Tregs were detected. The changes in mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome C in CD4T cells were detected, and the activities of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Down-regulation of TIPE2 promoted the apoptosis of CD4T lymphocytes in siTIPE2-burn group, in which the protein expressions of P-smad2/P-Smad3 decreased, Bcl-2 expression increased and Bim expression decreased significantly as compared with the other groups (P<0.01 or 0.05). The mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome C expression in CD4T cells were down-regulated in siTIPE2-burn group (P<0.05) with a lowered caspase-3 activity compared with TIPE2-burn group (P<0.01) and decreased caspase-8 and caspase-9 compared with the other groups (P<0.05). The apoptosis rate was the highest in TIPE2-burn group, whose Smad2/Smad3 was higher than that in the sham group (P<0.05) and the expression of P-smad2/P-Smad3 significantly increased compared with the other groups (P<0.05). In TIPE2-burn group, the mitochondrial membrane potential in CD4T cells was decreased (P<0.01), the expression of cytochrome C increased markedly (P<0.01), and the activities of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 were all obviously higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>As an important immunoregulatory molecule, TIPE2 can promote the apoptosis of CD4T lymphocyte in mice with sever burn injury.</p>

Rhubarb Antagonizes Matrix Metalloproteinase-9-induced Vascular Endothelial Permeability / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Intact endothelial structure and function are critical for maintaining microcirculatory homeostasis. Dysfunction of the latter is an underlying cause of various organ pathologies. In a previous study, we showed that rhubarb, a traditional Chinese medicine, protected intestinal mucosal microvascular endothelial cells in rats with metastasizing septicemia. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of rhubarb on matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9)-induced vascular endothelial (VE) permeability.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rhubarb monomers were extracted and purified by a series of chromatography approaches. The identity of these monomers was analyzed by hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), carbon-13 NMR, and distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We established a human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayer on a Transwell insert. We measured the HUVEC permeability, proliferation, and the secretion of VE-cadherin into culture medium using fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran assay, 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively, in response to treatment with MMP9 and/or rhubarb monomers.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 21 rhubarb monomers were extracted and identified. MMP9 significantly increased the permeability of the HUVEC monolayer, which was significantly reduced by five individual rhubarb monomer (emodin, 3,8-dihydroxy-1-methyl-anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid, 1-O-caffeoyl-2-(4-hydroxyl-O-cinnamoyl)-β-D-glucose, daucosterol linoleate, and rhein) or a combination of all five monomers (1 μmol/L for each monomer). Mechanistically, the five-monomer mixture at 1 μmol/L promoted HUVEC proliferation. In addition, MMP9 stimulated the secretion of VE-cadherin into the culture medium, which was significantly inhibited by the five-monomer mixture.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The rhubarb mixture of emodin, 3,8-dihydroxy-1-methyl-anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid, 1-O-caffeoyl-2-(4-hydroxyl-O-cinnamoyl)-β-D-glucose, daucosterol linoleate, and rhein, at a low concentration, antagonized the MMP9-induced HUVEC monolayer permeability by promoting HUVEC proliferation and reducing extracellular VE-cadherin concentrations.</p>

Association between interleukin-22 genetic polymorphisms and bladder cancer risk

OBJECTIVE:The cytokine interleukin-22 (IL-22), which is produced by T cells and natural killer cells, is associated with tumorigenesis and tumor progression in cancers. However, the role of IL-22 in bladder cancer has not been investigated.MATERIALS AND METHODS:A prospective hospital-based case-control study comprising 210 patients with pathologically proven bladder cancer and 210 age- and gender-matched healthy controls was conducted. The genotypes of 3 common polymorphisms (-429 C/T, +1046 T/A and +1995 A/C) of the IL-22 gene were determined with fluorogenic 5' exonuclease assays.RESULTS:Patients with bladder cancer had a significantly higher frequency of the IL-22 -429 TT genotype [odds ratio (OR)=2.04, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.19, 3.49; p=0.009] and -429 T allele (OR=1.42, 95% CI=1.08, 1.87; p=0.01) than the healthy controls. These findings were still significant after a Bonferroni correction. When stratifying according to the stage of bladder cancer, we found that patients with superficial bladder cancer had a significantly lower frequency of the IL-22 -429 TT genotype (OR=0.48, 95% CI=0.23, 0.98; p=0.04). When stratifying according to the grade and histological type of bladder cancer, we found no statistical association. The IL-22 +1046 T/A and IL-22 +1995 A/C gene polymorphisms were not associated with the risk of bladder cancer.CONCLUSION:To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report documenting that the IL-22 -429 C/T gene polymorphism is associated with bladder cancer risk. Additional studies are required to confirm this finding.

Research and investigation in medicine of Baima Tibetan in Pingwu Sichuan / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate and collect medicinal resources and methods of prevention and treatment of diseases in Baima Tibetan of Pingwu Sichuan in order to rescue and protect the ethenological medicine.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Through visiting, field survey in four ethnic townships of Baima Tibetan in Pingwu Sichuan as well as referring literatures to collect information and data analysis of them the investigation was carried out.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The investigation area showed rich medical resources. Rheumatism, stomach disease, pharyngitis and trauma are local common diseases which caused by local climate, diet and life style and so on. The Baima Tibetan are good at using local herb singly and simply to treat disease, using cold water medicine and powder snuffing are their own characters.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is an extremely urgent issue to rescue Baima Tibetan medicine which is disappearing by the influence of the Han nationality culture.</p>

Mechanism of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding in the treatment of obesity with type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the mechanism of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) in the treatment of obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 20 patients with obesity and T2DM were treated with LAGB. During the postoperative 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 months, the body weight changes were monitored and body mass indices (BMI) were calculated. The serum levels of leptin, GLP-1, and ghrelin were examined preoperatively and 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 months after LAGB using enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA). At the same time, the fasting serum insulin (FINS), C-peptide, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were examined by electrochemiluminescence and the level of fasting blood glucose (FBG) was tested with oxidase test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At postoperatively 12 months, all the 20 patients lost weight. The mean body weight decreased from (108 + or - 18) kg to (71 + or - 16) kg (P<0.05) and BMI decreased from 38 + or - 5 to 29 + or - 6 (P<0.05). The HOMA-IR decreased from (12.8 + or - 7.4) to (3.4 + or - 2.0) (P<0.01). The serum ghrelin level increased from (7.8 + or - 1.9) microg/L to (11.6 + or - 2.6) microg/L (P<0.01). The serum leptin level declined from (24.9 + or - 13.7) microg/L to(12.9 + or - 5.1) microg/L (P<0.01). The serum GLP-1 level increased from (0.58 + or - 0.12) microg/L to(0.80 + or - 0.06) microg/L (P<0.01). After LAGB, there were positive correlations between serum leptin level and FBG, FINS, HbA1c,and C-peptide level. Serum ghrelin and GLP-1 were negatively correlated with FBG, FINS, HbA1c,C-peptide.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>LAGB is effective in treatment of obesity patients with T2DM. The mechanism may be associated with the increase of serum GLP-1 and ghrelin and the decrease of serum leptin and insulin resistance.</p>

Superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced liver MR imaging in rats / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To establish a curve of dosage gradient-liver signal intensity of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) in normal rats and to find an appropriate dose for enhancement. Methods: Seventy-two SD rats, 4 rats a group at random, underwent MR enhancement with 0, 2, 5, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 100, 140, 210, 280 μmol/kg SPIO respectively after plane examination. The signal-to-noise ratio of liver was measured and a curve of dosage gradient-liver signal intensity was made. Results: (1)With the increase of SPIO dose, the signal intensity of both T1 and T2 weighted images of liver declined. (2)T2 weighted images was more sensitive than T1 weighted images in small dose, the ED50 of T1 weighted was 8 μmol/kg, and the ED50 of T2 weighted was 5 μmol/kg. (3)When the dose was greater than 15 μmol/kg, the signal intensity of T1 weighted images declined more rapidly than T2 weighted, the effect of enhanced T1 weighted images resembled T2 weighted ones, and its images was with more fine resolution. (4)At the dose of 40 μmol/kg, the signal intensity of T1 weighted images approached the background noise, and at the dose of 15 μmol/kg, the signal intensity of T2 weighted images approached the background noise. Conclusion: Good effect of T1 and T2 enhanced MR imaging can be acquired at the dose of 20-10 μmol/kg SPIO respectively, the best contrast-to-noise ratio is found on T2 weighted enhanced MR image.

Superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced liver MR imaging in rats / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To establish a curve of dosage gradient-liver signal intensity of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) in normal rats and to find an appropriate dose for enhancement. Methods: Seventy-two SD rats, 4 rats a group at random, underwent MR enhancement with 0, 2, 5, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 100, 140, 210, 280 μmol/kg SPIO respectively after plane examination. The signal-to-noise ratio of liver was measured and a curve of dosage gradient-liver signal intensity was made. Results: (1)With the increase of SPIO dose, the signal intensity of both T1 and T2 weighted images of liver declined. (2)T2 weighted images was more sensitive than T1 weighted images in small dose, the ED50 of T1 weighted was 8 μmol/kg, and the ED50 of T2 weighted was 5 μmol/kg. (3)When the dose was greater than 15 μmol/kg, the signal intensity of T1 weighted images declined more rapidly than T2 weighted, the effect of enhanced T1 weighted images resembled T2 weighted ones, and its images was with more fine resolution. (4)At the dose of 40 μmol/kg, the signal intensity of T1 weighted images approached the background noise, and at the dose of 15 μmol/kg, the signal intensity of T2 weighted images approached the background noise. Conclusion: Good effect of T1 and T2 enhanced MR imaging can be acquired at the dose of 20-10 μmol/kg SPIO respectively, the best contrast-to-noise ratio is found on T2 weighted enhanced MR image.